A panel method for the prediction of unsteady performance of ducted propellers in ship behind condition

In this article, a boundary element method (BEM) is used to predict the unsteady performance of ducted propellers in open water and ship behind condition. To improve accuracy potential flow solver with highly viscous problems, such as separation near blunt body, section profiles model duct have be modified from trailing edge sharp duct. The present modifies based on predicted streamlines by coupling solver. For prediction effective wakes, BEM/RANS scheme utilized account for interactions between non-axisymmetric hull propellers. wakes are using different configurations hull/propeller geometry investigate how field influenced along appendages. results compared experimental measurements Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) simulations over range loading conditions. Comparisons also made